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Qair Shabbir Ahmed Naqshbandi, Allama Abdul Sattar Sukhanwar.

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The present Aga Khan, born in 1936, is only the fourth in the line.

Between Shias and Ismailis the dispute concerns the seventh imam, in the later years of the 8th century.

The Shias give this position to Musa; the Ismailis support his elder brother, Ismail.

By the 9th century the Ismailis are an identifiable sect, based in Syria and strongly opposed to the rule of the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad.

In the 10th century they establish their own rule over the entire coast of north Africa, technically part of the caliphate.

He founds there a dynasty known as Fatimid - for he claims to be a caliph in the Shia line of descent from Ali and Fatima his wife, the daughter of Muhammad (see The Shias ).

Sixty years later, in 969, a Fatimid army conquers Egypt, which now becomes the centre of a kingdom stretching the length of the north African coast.

It is called Al Kahira (the victorious), known in its western form as Cairo.

In the following year, 970, the Fatimids establish in Cairo the university mosque of Al Azhar which has remained ever since a centre of Islamic learning.

A century later the authority of the Ismaili caliphs has crumbled.

There is little opposition in 1171 when Saladin, subsequently leader of the Islamic world against the intruding crusaders, deposes the last of the Fatimid line.

And there is no protest when Saladin has the name of the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad included in the Friday prayers in Cairos mosques.

Ismailis in Persia and Syria prefer the other, by the name of Nizar.

From the late 11th century they begin seizing territory in northern Persia.

They make a religious virtue of terrorism and murder in pursuit of their ends.

All that is certain is that the political activities of the Nizari amply justify the subsequent use of assassin in its modern meaning.

The old theory that the word comes from hashish, which the Assassins supposedly use to get in the mood for murder, derives from Marco Polo and other western writers but seems to have little basis.) The Assassins first show their hand when they begin to seize strongholds in Persia in the late 11th century, particularly the almost impregnable fortress of Alamut.

Foremost among them are the Seljuk Turks and the caliphs in Baghdad (the Assassins murder two caliphs).

But the terrorists also act against their fellow Ismailis, the Fatimids in Cairo.

Most eccentrically of all, they make two attempts on the life of Saladin.

No way is found to eliminate this troublesome sect until the Assassins are finally crushed between two great rival powers in the 12th century - the Mameluke sultans of Egypt and the Mongols, led by Hulagu.

Their leaders still claim descent, through Nizar, from Ali and Fatima.

In 1818 one of them is granted the title Aga Khan by the shah of Persia.

In 1840, after an abortive uprising against the next shah, this first Aga Khan flees to India.

There he and his descendants remain leaders of an Ismaili community numbered, in Syria, Iran, Pakistan, India and elsewhere, in several millions.

Nazari Meaning In Urdu